About 2,500 years ago today, the Greek philosopher Metrodorus said, "To assume that there is only human life on earth in the universe is to say that only one grain of wheat grows on a single plant out of millions in a vast wheat field." Metodorus was not an astronomer. Yet the opinion he presented was a matter for the astronomy. It's been 2,500 years since Metrodorus first pointed the finger at the possibility of some creatures thriving in outer space. Yet Metrodorus's opinion is still as thrilling as it was two millennia ago. To this day, who knows how many astronomers have seen the vast expanse of the universe in search of extraterrestrial life. Who knows how many astronomers are still working on it - and no one knows how many will join the marathon in the future. This Bhagirath does not take the name of stopping the research work. The factor responsible for this (as well as the driving force) is the philosophical opinion of Metrodorus. It is not true that a single seed sprouts after sowing billions of seeds in a field. The American astronomer Carl Sagan also said that it is not possible for the Creator to create life on a single planet out of billions of stars after creating such a large universe. This planet i.e. Earth has a very insignificant place even in our Milky Way. If the Creator only intended to give life to our planet, then why did he make such a long plan to create a vast universe?
That is true. But over the last fifty years, astronomers have discovered millions of new stars, hundreds of black holes and neutron stars, and hundreds of extraterrestrial planets in the universe, but what about a single spherical sphere scattered by Earth-like creatures? Astronomers have the answer: A life-spanning sphere did not come into being after years of exploration, so it is not fair to assume that it did not exist. Weren't astronomers in the dark for decades about the presence of black holes, quasars, neutron stars, and millions of other stars? There is no question of returning this logical answer. As a result, the search for extraterrestrial life does not take decades to unravel.
Europa, a satellite on the research radar
Fresh Kalam: In this heat, last month, the American astronomical organization NASA lost new 'wood' in the form of research. After years of conducting combing operations to probe biosphere on Mars for years, NASA researchers have for the first time turned the focus of their research to Jupiter's satellite Europa. Beneath the icy surfaces of Europe is known to be a vast sea of salt water. NASA's Voyage 2. It was also reported to Galileo years ago, but to this day it is not known whether the oceans were inhabited. It is not known if a spacecraft will be sent on an 'exclusive' trip to Europe. As a result, NASA has planned to send its spacecraft to visit Europe. The total cost of the project, currently known as Europa Multiple - Flyby Mission, is expected to be 3 billion, and the launch is expected to take place in 2020 if the project goes ahead as scheduled. Another spacecraft to travel to Europe is the European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer (JUICE) for short, with a launch date of 205. These two spacecraft are the first to reveal to mankind many of the unknown aspects and mysteries of Europe. In particular, ‘Why is the cradle of life really built in the sea of Europe? The answer to this enigmatic question is finally to be found by astronomers after a long wait. Four centuries ago, in 1910, after Galileo discovered Jupiter and its four main moons (Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa) with his own telescope, astronomers did not know much about him for nearly four hundred years. On the 17th, NASA's Voyager spacecraft visited Jupiter and its moons, and the researchers were amazed by the information they gathered with their sensors and cameras. According to Voyager, the 'stitching' of Jupiter's four moons is much different than a comet. The largest Ganymede is very similar to our Moon. Many large and small gobas have fallen on its surface, the largest of which is spread over an area of 2,500 square kilometers. Ganymede's face may have been bruised by several meteorites in the past. The surface of the second satellite, Callisto, is covered with a layer of ice about 100 miles [100 km] thick, which is thought to contain between 200 and 300 miles [200 to 300 km] of water or much of the melted ice. Ganymede and Callisto are pale in color, while the surface of the third satellite Io is predominantly yellow, orange, and red. The moon is flanked by volcanic mountains, through which sulfur dioxide lava fountains soar into the atmosphere. As a result, the surface of the Io has become like a blazing hell. Europa is very different from the other three moons of Jupiter. The inner core is composed mainly of iron and nickel, with a layer of soil and rocks several kilometers thick. (See diagram). Voyager's sensors have detected an average depth of 150 kilometers above the surface. The most unique feature of Europa is its surface. It glows like a shining marble, as it is covered with white snow. Our icyIt is not particularly different from the North Pole region. In many places on the surface, there are ridges and ridges, which are actually joints. Joints are formed that turn into ice after the underground sea water penetrates the solid ice of the surface. Like the ill-tempered satellite Io, Europa has the constant gravitational pull of Jupiter on one side and the other two major satellites on the other. As a result, its interior is never fixed. Stormy seas sway like ships, causing frequent tides in the ocean beneath the icy surface. Sea water with immense pressure sometimes penetrates the surface cracks and spreads on the surface. (Seawater also carries with it soil and mulch. It spreads over the surface of Europe). The surface temperature is always below zero at 180 degrees Celsius, so the water that escapes through the icy sheet is gradually turned into solid ice. Astronomers believe that when our solar system was created, a sea of water roared over Europa. The ice on its surface today was in liquid form years ago, as its inner core was burning. Over time, its embryo kept getting colder, so the surface water slowly turned to ice. Europe, about 30 million miles [30 million km] from the sun, does not receive much heat from the sun's rays, so the frozen ice on the surface never melts. Europa was forever covered in a thick sheet of ice. Of course, as NASA's Voyager and Galileo spacecraft discovered, the sheet is not a one-piece at all. There are also gaps somewhere. This means that there is a part of the surface of Europa where the ice is not frozen, but soft like crushed. This can only happen if the warm water from below is constantly rising to the surface - and the source of the warmth is also the hot springs that originate through the natural 'valves' in the ocean's geological subsoil. What else is there? A number of such valves are active even in the deepest oceans of the earth. Due to the moderate heat, isolated organisms such as bacteria, unicellular algae, various microbes, multicellular fibroids, blue, junior shrimp, and shellfish thrive in the area. The ecosystem of Europe is likely to be similarly primordial.
According to scientific theory, the first life in the oceans of the earth began 300 million years ago. Evolution has now reached a stage when there is no shortage of multicellular organisms in the world. Their variations in size as well as shape do not go unnoticed. For example, there are about 100,000 species of insects. There are 2,50 species of mammals, while the bird community is divided into 2,20 species. Apart from this there are many other junior creatures and there is just as much diversity in the flora. None of this was 300 million years ago. The globe was roaring. Volcanoes were erupting. The mantle was flowing and the rain was constantly falling with a thunderous thunder in the ears. The warming temperature of the oceans and the chemical composition of the oceans made it perfect for the creation of life when this torrential rain soaked the scorching earth. The first creatures began to take shape in the ocean. Both water and heat are sufficient for the birth of the organism. Overall, each cell on Earth contains about 90% water; That is, it is largely liquid. Biological chemicals ranging from proteins to digestive juices cannot be produced without liquids. Not even spread throughout the body to carry out biological action. Without fluids like electrolytes, it is not possible for the nervous system to transmit electrical signals. Similarly, if the cell is quite solid instead of 'watery', it becomes impossible for it to divide. In short, there must be water in order for the life sprouts to sprout on that planet in the universe. If these measures apply to the earth, why not to Europe? There is no shortage of water on this satellite. The amount of seawater on Europa is slightly more than the Earth's oceans. If there are springs of hot water in the bottom of the vast ocean, it is possible for small and big organisms to get warmth to grow and thrive. An obvious question here, however, is whether there is a potential for excessive water pressure at an average of 150 km deep sea level in Europe.Can living things survive? Let's take the earth example again for the answer. At an altitude of 3,000 meters (10,000 feet), the water pressure in the oceans on Earth is 200 times the natural pressure at sea level. This means that each square inch is 2,500 pounds instead of 18.5 pounds. It is pitch dark here, so there is no vegetation. Not even sharks, cod, shrimp, swordfish, etc. However, the fish that live there feed on each other and run their own food chain. Hunting cannot be seen in the dark, so food may not be available for days. So even if the swallow of the lucky food is bigger than its own, the fish has a huge jaw and a bag-like stomach to contain it. Speaking of pressure, the number of organs that can be rubbed is also low in their body. As a result most fish are transparent. Surprisingly, there is no limit to the ecosystem below 5,000 meters. Even at the bottom of ten thousand meters, the sea is alive with various sponges. The water pressure there is 12,500 pounds per square inch - and yet that terrible pressure doesn't rip the sponges apart. The specific anatomy of sponges is responsible for that. Wouldn't the sea of Europe also be inhabited by aquatic animals with such a special anatomy? Who knows ! All of these speculations currently contain the words "if" and "then", so all theories about the possible existence of sponges in the seas of Europe will remain a theory until the end of time. By the end of the current decade, NASA's Europa Multiple
- Flyby Mission spacecraft and then the European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer / JUICE spacecraft will visit Europe in 205, carrying out various scientific discoveries and exploring the ice-covered sea. To be. At present, the other planets in the solar system, including Mars, seem dull, which means that we are all alone in a solar system with a diameter of 1/200 light-years. Researchers who have been searching for life on Mars for years have yet to find any concrete evidence of life on the planet. As a result, it seems that the existence of life, in addition to the Earth, could be in outer space after the boundary of the solar system, if there is anything, where many other suns (stars) like the Sun move. Some of these suns are orbiting planets and some of these planets are likely to be inhabited by intelligent beings. Not just the possibility, say the probability is also true - because, as Metrodorus puts it, "to assume that there is only human life on earth in the universe is to say that only one grain of wheat grows on one plant out of millions in a very large wheat field."
0 Comments