Sesame is a low cost crop which is resistant to moisture deficiency as compared to other crops. Sesame is a short term crop and can be successfully grown as main crop, mixed crop and also as intercrop. Gujarat is one of the leading sesame growing states in our country. In the state of Gujarat, sesame is cultivated in approximately 3.5 to 2.0 lakh hectares out of which about 2.0 lakh tonnes is produced. Oilseeds are mainly harvested during the monsoon season but due to crop changes and climate change as well as good sesame prices, sesame cultivation in Gujarat has started to be good in summer and semi-winter seasons.
Oilseeds are known as the queen of the crop due to the excellent quality of sesame oil, soda, taste and softness. Sesame seeds contain 4 to 5 percent oil and 15 to 21 percent protein. Sesame oil is considered to be the best of all edible oils. Sesame oil is used to make perfumes, medicines and body massages. Sesame is used as a raw or fried mask. Sesame meal contains protein, carbohydrates, calcium and phosphorus and is important in animal feed.
Rainfed farming is practiced in most parts of our state. Often in the monsoon season the rainfall is very late, incomplete and erratic. Under such circumstances, the risk increases in the cultivation of major monsoon crops like groundnut, cotton, tur, diwali, millet etc. In such circumstances good yield can be obtained by planting semi-winter sesame. Semi-winter sesame can be successfully taken in the moisture stored in Amreli, Rajkot, Surendranagar of Saurashtra and Bhavnagar, Ahmedabad districts of Bhal region. Semi-winter sesame is called dew or semi-winter sesame as it is based on moisture stored in the soil and winter dew. Since this sesame is grown in Purva constellation, it is also called Purva, Tarbiya sesame.
Under what circumstances should semi-winter sesame be planted?
(1) In case of failure of monsoon crop due to continuous heavy to very heavy rains in the month of June-July, good yield can be obtained by planting semi-winter sesame.
(2) In areas like Bhal where water is flooded in the plot in monsoon, semi-winter sesame can be planted in the month of August-September.
(3) Semi-winter sesame can be planted in areas which are irregular and less likely to take monsoon crops.
(4) Sesame can be sown as a single crop in case of late sowing rains in monsoon i.e. late rains occur in the month of August.
(5) In monsoon, by planting green flax and planting semi-winter sesame, along with soil improvement, production can also be obtained.
(6) In the area where the main crops are planted wide, semi-winter sesame can be sown in the vacant space between the two rows in case of late rains.
Scientific cultivation method of semi-winter sesame:
Selection of species:
In our state, since the year 19, the State Agricultural University has recommended for the cultivation of semi-winter sesame variety Purva-1 in the whole of Gujarat. The seeds are large, plump and brownish red in color. These species are of medium height and with twigs. The oars are large and have four compartments. This late maturing variety comes alternately. By giving proper care to this variety, an average yield of 200 to 300 kg per hectare can be obtained.
Climate:
Purva sesame has a mixed climate of monsoon and winter. At this time the humidity is moderate and the air is semi-dry. In addition, early morning dew improves crop growth through dew and moisture.
Soil and primary preparation:
Sesame crop is grown in sandy, light, medium black, loamy and well drained soils with a pH of Soils with a score of 7.5 to 2.0 are more suitable. But this crop does not like alkaline soils as well as heavy black and low drainage soils. Weaving the remnants of next season's crop, a light plow of plow and two plows of karab to repair my land. When preparing the soil, mix 8 to 10 tons of manure per hectare well in the soil or fill it in the furrow so as to improve the physical condition of the soil, increase the moisture storage strength and fertility and increase the crop yield.
Seed Procurement Location:
Improved variety of semi-winter sesame Purva-1 should be used in certified seed planting if possible. Such certified seeds can be obtained from Gujarat State Seed Corporation, National Seed Corporation, Gujcomasol, Agricultural Universities or other private authorized institutions.
Planting time:
Planting of semi-winter sesame from 15th August to 15th September (in Purva Nakshatra). If planted late, the soil moisture retention occurs later in the crop and the yield is adversely affected.
Sowing spacing, seed rate and grooming:
Planting of semi-winter sesame seeds at a distance of 30 cm between two rows. And maintain a distance of 15 to 20 cm between two plants. 2.5 kg of sesame per hectare. Planting at seed rate. Before sowing sesame seeds are soaked in one liter of water for eight hours per kg, then dried in the shade till it reaches its original weight. It is very important to maintain a sufficient and symmetrical number of plants in the planted area. Since sesame seeds are small in size, the distance between the two plants can be well maintained by mixing sand / soil of the same size.
After the germination of seeds, fill the gap immediately by sowing the seed where there is a gap and also in the place where there are more plants, transplant additional plants in 15 to 20 days and maintain a distance of 15 to 18 cm between the two plants. Doing so will ensure adequate and symmetrical vegetation in the planted area, which will result in better growth and development, resulting in higher yields.
chemical fertilizer :
This crop does not need to be fertilized if it is taken as mixed crop, intercrop or after green fall. But if sesame is to be taken as a single crop, it should be applied at the rate of 12.5 kg per hectare. Nitrogen and 12.5 kg. Apply phosphorus as a base fertilizer to sow at the time of sowing.
Irrigation:
Semi-winter sesame crop is usually harvested based on soil moisture and winter dew. However, if there is a little bit of convenience of supplementary irrigation, then in case of crop crisis, such as flowering and fallow stage, if there is a shortage of moisture in the soil, then irrigation gives better yield to the fallow lands.
Crop protection:
(A) Pests:
(1) Head-tying caterpillar:
Sesame crop is mainly infested with head-biting caterpillars. These insects feed on the leaves by filling them inside the top twigs of the leaves and sometimes they even bite the leaves and eat them.
To control it, quinalphos 20 ml. Mix the drug in 10 liters of water and spray.
(2) Nodule fly:
The caterpillar of this insect is light yellow in color. It enters the flower or the kumla dodwa so that the damaged part becomes like a lump.
Phosphamidon 3 ml is used to control this pest. Or Methyl-O-Dimethone 10 ml. Mix the drug in 10 liters of water and spray.
(3) Disease:
Sesame seeds are mainly found as a viral disease. In this disease, the flower is deformed at the time of flowering, turns into small leaves and a large cluster is seen on the plant. The disease is spread by sucking insects such as molomshi. To prevent the spread of the disease, absorbent drugs such as Methyl-O-Dimethone, Roger or any of the monocrotophos drugs in 10 liters of water 10 ml. Mix and sprinkle as.
In addition to this, as a precautionary measure, crop rotation and keeping the field clean.
Pruning and threshing:
Purva-1 sesame ripens in 110 to 115 days. Sesame should be harvested when the buds on the plant start turning yellow and the leaves start falling off. Cut the whole plant and tie it in small bundles. To raise the bundle by bringing it to the field or threshing floor. After the stalks have dried properly, the stalks should be dipped in the bungan to separate the seeds. O To separate all the seeds from the bell two to three times at short intervals. Clean and grad the quantity of seeds and fill them in new linen bags where they are stored in the godown where there is no pest infestation.
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